NCERT Class 9 Economics textbook chapter 1, The Story of Palampur Village | Notes for Economic |

From the village, Palampur you will understand basic economics. In this, chapter you are going to study about the production and non-farming activities. People of Palampur villages well -developed and also have all facility which are  present in cities. In Palampur, there are two primary school and 1 secondary School, health centre, and many more facility are in Palampur village. 75% of the population in Palampur village are depend on agriculture activity. They used tubwells, tractors harvester, Wedicider, many farm machineries and modern farming method to produce more and more grains. This chapter will give you a complete guide and startup of basic economics. Let's get started.

Development in Palampur village.

Palampur is well connected with Both village and town. Raiganj, a big village only 3 km from Palampur; and Shahpur, a Big town is not far away from Palampur. Many kind of vehicles found in Palampur roads like- motorcycle, Jeeps, tractor, Tonga, Bullock Cart, Bogeys etc. Majority of houses of electricity connections ; Tubewell (Modern Irrigation Method) in agriculture land.  Palampur has, both Primary and High school, a Health centre run by government, and private dispensary where Socks person are treated. Palampur is engage in production of goods and service. About 75% of the population dependent on farming, and remaining are doing non-Farming such as- Dairy, transport, Trading, shopkeeping etc. We will discuss both farming and non farming activity of Palampur village. After learning about general things in terms related to production of Goods or Service. 

Basic requirements for production of a Good and Service.

We produce some goods and service that we want and get some wealth to earn our livelihood. To produce a good or service ; this requires many things to demonstrate the production. The things required for the production of Goods and service are given below.  

   1. Land- Factories, industries are set up to produce goods on a land. So, for the production of good service of land is required. 

   2. Labour- Many employees with high knowledge, experience and educated where Hire;  to run a Factory/ Company for the  production of goods or service. So, Labours, i.e, People who will work in Company are required for the production of a Good and Service. 

   3. Physical Capital- the Variety of non-living things required at every stage of the production activity, called physical capital such as- tools, machines, money, land are called physical capital. This are two types. 

     a. Fixed Capital- buildings, computers, Tools, machines, land are called fixed capital ; because its can be used over long years. 

    b. Working Capital- Buying buildings,computers machines, land and many instrument for the Production of Goods and Service. Money and raw materials requires. So it is called working capital. 

   4. Human Capital- For Seting of factories on land, hiring labour, buying machine and manage or run enterprise, and making Stragedy to grow Comapny; Human as  to present is called human capital. 

To Perform, Activity of the production of goods of service, land, labour, physical and human requires which are called factors of production.

Production of a food grains increase in Palampur village. 

75% of the population of depends on agriculture for the Livelihood. They are farmer or farm Labours. The Population of Palampur village keep increasing over the year. But, the production of food grains did not pace with increasing in population. They wants more lands  to produce more grains. But, The people of Palampur has built house, or set of the non-farming activity. The people of Palampur have three ways to produce more Food Grains on the same amount of land. 

Converting wasteland into cultivated land. 

Wasteland refers to land with no fertility. It is very difficult to convert a land into the cultivate land. because, once soil losses is fertility it takes over all many decades, to get it's fertility and become cultivated land.  

Multiple Cropping 

To grow more than, one crop on same land with different nutrition requirement, is known as Multiple cropping. This method was the best method to produce more and more grains on the same amount of land. Palampur grow atleast, two main crop in different seasons such as- in rainy season, Jawar and bajra are cultivated. Potato in between October December, and wheath in Winter Season. apart from this, sugarcane once in a year is harvested, and sold  to Shahpur's Trader to make Jaggery. 

Palampur's  Seasonal Cultivation
Raining season (Jun to Aug)	Jowar and Bajra, (kharif Crops)
October to December	Potato
Winter season ( Nov to Mar)	Wheat (Rabi crop)
Apart from a above,Sugarcane is also cultivated, once a year; and sold to Shahpur's Trader to make Jaggery.

Modern Farming Method 

The Green Revolution of 1960, led ta Indian farmer to use modern method of Agriculture, to more Grains. Before Green Revolution, Indian Farmer use Traditional Seed which does'nt gives high production of Rice and wheat. The Green Revolution introduced Indian farmer to cultivation of Rice and wheat Using HYV(High yielding Variety) Seeds. This Seeds produce more food Grains compared to Traditional Seeds. So, using this Seeds, Palampur's farmers produce more grains compared to there traditional seeds they use Earlier. However, HYV Seeds requires many Capital, Chemical fertilizer, more Water, pesticides and modern Irrigation.

HYV Seeds firstly, used by famers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh, they used Tubewell as a modern Irrigation method, Chemical fertilizer, Pesticides and some farm Machinery Like-Tractors, thresher Harvester ete, which helped them to work fast.

Using Traditional Seeds in Palampur the Production was 1300 kg (Per Hectare After Using Hyu Seed, the Production goes upto 3600 Kg / Per Hectare. Farmer takes some wheat for there family's Consumption and sell the Remaining Grains in Raiganj's Market. 

Demerits of Modern Farming Method 

 The Exclusive using af Chemical fertilizer which is a disadvantage on Land. Land and water being a natural resources. it is very difficult to restore; because, it takes many years to sustain them. An exclusive use of Chemical fertilizer makes two demerits on our Environment They are-

1. Chemical fertilizer, overused the natural resourse base, and also kill bacteria and other Microorganisms of land, which led to the loss of Soil fertility.

2. Tubewell is a modern irrigation method which pumps water from Groundwater; continuous using of Tubewell, has led to the depletion of water-Table.

farm Labours on Large and medium farmer's land.

farmer haves more than 2 hectare of Agricultural Land are called Big/Large farmers. In Palampur, only 60 families of about 450 families in villages have more than 2 Hectare of Land. Big farmers are unable to cultivate their land. So They hire, farm Labours to Cultivate food Grains and gabes some Wages to Farm Labour. farm Labours come from either Landless family, i.e, 150 family or families Cultivating Small plots of Land, i.e, 240 Families among 450 families in Palampur Village. The Goverment had fixed the Wages of  labour 1,300/day but, In Palampur, Big farmer pays. 150/day to farm labour. 

Physical Capital needed in farming Activity. 

You knows that, modern farming method requires many physical Capital So, the farmer of Palampur Village needs more money to buy capital such Farm machinery, Tubewell, Tractor, Harvester etc. 

Small farmers barrow money from large farmer,  trader, village moneylender to buy this input from their land. The rate of interest on such a loan is very high. So they repay the money either by working in Big farmer's land or earning from their selling surplus in Raiganj market. Where as big farmers have their savings. 

Frequently ask questions (FAQ)

1. How many families are there in Palampur village? 

There are about 450 families in Palampur village. Among 450, 150 families are dalit and landless; and remains owns land. About 240 families have land not more than 2 Hectare, which are known as Small or Medium farmers. Only 60 families have land more than 2 Hectare and a known as big farmer. 

2. What is multiple cropping? 

To grow more than one crop on same land, with different nutrition requirement is known as multiple cropping. This Method is the best way to produce more and more grains on a same amount of land.